Exploring the effect of policy implementation is of positive significance to the realization of carbon neutral and peak carbon goals. The study selected the Energy Production and Consumption Revolution Strategy, and analyzed the policy implementation effects and drivers of the EPC Strategy using the synthetic control method based on data from 30 provinces and cities in China from 2008 to 2021. The results show that (1) The EPC Strategy exerts a positive moderating effect on the responding provinces, and the ratio of the difference between the treatment group and the control group rises by 8%-15% after the implementation of the policy, and in terms of the value of the carbon emission intensity, it decreases by 10% in Hebei, 15% in Jiangsu, and 4% in Shandong. (2) From the perspective of policy effect, the responding provinces are differentiated, with Hebei province the most effective, Shandong Province the second and Jiangsu Province the third. (3) From the perspective of regulating effect, the proportion of tertiary industry, urbanization rate, and technological innovation capacity play a positive regulating role on GDP growth. Finally, corresponding policy recommendations are proposed based on the analysis.