This article aims to study the differences in the livelihood resilience of farmers under different relocation modes, and elucidate the role and impact of coal mining villages on the livelihood resilience of rural households. Such an exploration holds critical significance for enhancing the livelihood resilience of the resettled households and promoting sustainable development in coal mining villages. Grounded in the theoretical framework of livelihood resilience and considering the realities of mining areas, this study devises an evaluative index system. The entropy weight—TOPSIS model was used to measure the livelihood resilience level of farmers, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was used to explore the differences between different relocation modes. The obstacle degree model was used to identify the obstacle factors that affect different relocation modes. The results indicate the following: (1) Overall, the level of livelihood resilience and buffering capacity, self-organizing capacity and learning capacity in areas resettled due to coal mining of Huaibei City is low. (2) Significant disparities exist among the different relocation modes, and the difference in livelihood resilience between the central village agglomeration type and the other three modes is the most significant. (3) Barrier factors differ between different relocation models, but indicators such as the quantity of laborers, policy awareness, and participation in village collective meetings are factors that all have larger barriers between different models. Future interventions should address the challenges faced by the four types of resettled households by increasing employment opportunities, intensifying policy advocacy, and augmenting investments in education resources to elevate the livelihood standards of various households.

livelihood resilience; village resettlement mode; variability; barrier factors; entropy weight—TOPSIS model